Influence of Anthropometric Variables on the Efficacy of Two Antimicrobial Adjuncts to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Individuals with Concomitant Hypertension and Periodontitis

Authors

  • Jamiu Adetunji ABANIKANNDA Department of Preventive Dentistry, Bayero University, Kano, Kano state, Nigeria
  • Olanrewaju Ige OPEODU Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
  • Elizabeth Bosede DOSUMU Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Adiposity is an important determinant in the relationship between periodontal and systemic health. Some studies underscored the importance of antimicrobial agents as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in managing periodontitis in individuals with concomitant systemic diseases.

Objective: To assess the influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on the efficacy of two antimicrobial regimens used as adjuncts to NSPT in hypertensive subjects with periodontitis.

Methods: Sixty participants randomly allocated into two groups were treated with NSPT, but group A had adjunctive amoxicillin/metronidazole while group B had doxycycline. The burden of periodontal and systemic inflammation was assessed using the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and serum high sensitivity capsid-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels respectively. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were also measured.

Results: There was no significant correlation between BMI and WHR and any of hs-CRP, PISA or SBP in both groups at baseline and three months after intervention. However existing relationship between non-obese and obese WHR, as well as between overweight and obese BMI categories and DBP at baseline in group A were gone at three months in both WHR categories and the overweight BMI, but persisted in the obese BMI categories. Conversely, correlations between both the overweight and obese BMI categories and DBP appeared at three months in group B. The significant predictors of BMI were gender and DBP, but only gender for WHR.

Conclusion: The study revealed that BMI had a greater negative influence on the efficacy of adjunctive antimicrobials to NSPT than WHR in individuals with hypertension and periodontitis, which was worse among the doxycycline group.

Keywords: Anthropometric variables, antimicrobial adjuncts, non-surgical periodontal therapy, periodontitis, hypertension

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Published

2026-08-11

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): Nigerian Journal of Dental Research

Section

Original Articles