Clinicopathologic Presentation of Salivary Gland Tumours: A Retrospective Analysis from a Single Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Background: Salivary glands often develop various benign and malignant tumours, but their presentation in Nigerian patients is not well documented. This study reviews the clinicopathologic features of histologically diagnosed salivary gland tumours seen at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Methods: Records of SGT cases diagnosed from January 2017 to December 2024 at the department's biopsy service were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, tumour site, histopathologic diagnosis, and clinical features.

Results: A total of 38 SGT cases were identified, with patient ages ranging from 3 to 96 years (mean = 47.1 ± 21.58 years). There was a slight female predominance. The parotid gland was the most frequently affected site. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumour, while adenoid cystic carcinoma represented the predominant malignant type. Pain was a significant presenting symptom, and male patients were more likely to present when pain was associated with the lesion.

Conclusion: This study examines SGT patterns at a Nigerian tertiary hospital, identifying pain as a key factor for presentation. The findings emphasize the importance of early public health education and reporting to improve outcomes.

Keywords: Salivary gland tumours, Pleomorphic adenoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma.