Evaluating Dental Service Delivery in A Safe and Comfortable Environment among Dental Practitioners in Benin City: Ergonomics Consideration

Abstract

Background: Poor workplace ergonomics can compromise the health of dental practitioners, leading to musculoskeletal disorders, reduced productivity, early retirement, and career changes. A safe work environment requires appropriate equipment, adequate workspace, proper lighting, and correct positioning of instruments. This study assessed the magnitude of and factors associated with poor ergonomic practices among dental practitioners in Benin City.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental practitioners in public and private dental facilities in Benin City over six months. Data were collected anonymously using a pretested, structured Google Forms questionnaire after informed consent. The questionnaire assessed participants' demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding dental ergonomics. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to determine associations, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Fifty-six dental practitioners participated, with 85.7% working in the public sector. Most participants were aware of ergonomics (85.7%) and the health consequences of poor ergonomics (83.9%), particularly musculoskeletal pain (72.3%). While 92.9% knew the causes of musculoskeletal disorders, knowledge of specific ergonomic principles, including stool height, lighting position, and recommended stretches, was limited. Good ergonomic practices such as maintaining proper foot position (91.1%) and using dental mirrors (87.5%) were common; however, correct operating field positioning, upright posture, and the use of dental loupes were suboptimal. Sector of practice was the only factor significantly associated with ergonomic practice (p = 0.002), with private practitioners demonstrating better ergonomic practices.

Conclusion: Dental practitioners demonstrated inadequate ergonomic knowledge despite generally positive attitudes and fair ergonomic practices. Sector of practice significantly influenced ergonomic practice. Strengthening ergonomics education during undergraduate dental training and promoting continuing professional development may improve ergonomic compliance and reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental practitioners.

Keywords: Dental ergonomics, dental practitioners, musculoskeletal disorders, occupational health, Benin City.